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Illegal immigration from Africa to Israel
Illegal immigration from Africa to Israel (often also referred to as infiltration by the Israeli media and by Israeli government organizations;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The IDF is responsible for preventing infiltration through the border )〕 however, this has been criticized) refers to the act of African nationals entering Israel in violation of Israeli law. This phenomena began in the second half of the 2000s, when a large number of immigrants from Africa entered Israel, mainly through the fenced border between Israel and Egypt. According to the data of the Israeli Interior Ministry, the number of immigrants that arrived illegally amounted to 26,635 people to July 2010, and over 55,000 in January 2012. African asylum seekers comprise 0.5% of Israel's population. Most African migrants are generally regarded to be legitimate asylum seekers by various human rights organizations.
Many of the migrants seek an asylum status under the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees of the United Nations. However, many of them, mostly citizens of Eritrea and Sudan, cannot be forcibly deported from Israel. The Eritrea citizens (who, since 2009, form the majority of the undocumented workers in Israel) cannot be deported due to the opinion of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees that Eritrea has a difficult internal situation and a forced recruitment and therefore the Eritrean immigrants are defined as a "temporary humanitarian protection group". Despite the fact that a similar opinion does not exist in relation to citizens of Sudan, Israel does not deport them back to Egypt due to a real fear for their fate. Although the immigrants entered Israel from Egypt, Israel cannot deport them back to Egypt because the Egyptians refuse to give an undertaking not to deport the immigrants to their countries of origin. Accordingly, the Israeli authorities grant a temporary residence permit to the undocumented workers, which need to be renewed every three months. Various authorities in Israel estimate that 80–90 percent of the undocumented workers live primarily in two centers: Tel Aviv (more than 60 percent) and Eilat (more than 20 percent), with a few in Ashdod, Jerusalem and Arad. 〔
==Background==
The UNHCR has declared Eritrea as a country in humanitarian crisis. In the Darfur region in western Sudan, a genocide has been taking place since 2003. As a result, many of its residents became refugees and fled to Egypt. Added to those were refugees from southern Sudan, where civil war took place between the predominantly Arab Muslim inhabitants of the north and the non-Arab, Christians and animists inhabitants of the south.
In 2009, in reports to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Israel stated that 90% of the immigrants that arrived illegally from Sudan and Eritrea are refugees.〔 Letter to the editor.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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